Economic Activities and Gender Inclusiveness. A Case of Maize Production in Tanzania and Integrated Research Review

Abstract

This study examines the participation of men and women in agricultural operations. The study aligns appropriately with United Nations Sustainable Development Goal number five and the importance of engendering development regardless of the nation’s development level. Data were gathered using survey questionnaires and Integrated Research Review (IRR) techniques, and the production function was estimated. Results indicate that male-headed households dominated in the study area. A significant increase in maize production was observed, with more women participating. However, women's engagement in crucial agricultural activities was low. IRR indicates that female-headed households produce less compared to male-headed households. Females spent more time in nonproductive and unpaid activities and were less engaged in marketing outputs than men. Results reveal further that when women-headed and men-headed households are subjected to similar production environments, the former may perform better than or equal to the latter. The reasons for perpetuated gender inequality are weak and lack of law enforcement. The study recommends conducting a community awareness campaign and revising laws and regulations to make them more gender-responsive. Also, increase the financial and non-financial support from governmental and non-governmental organisations.